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The thermal conductivity of common double tungstates is on the order to three–four W/(K m) �?which is not negative in contrast with other laser crystals (Whilst numerous situations under for YAG), and quite huge compared Using the thermal conductivity of regular Eyeglasses.

The acquire bandwidth e.g. of Yb:KGW and Yb:KYW is extremely large compared with that of Yb:YAG. This permits for wide wavelength tunability and for much shorter pulse durations from manner-locked lasers. Values properly under one hundred fs are obtained with passive manner locking.

Simultaneously, a shorter laser wavelength may be attained; it is possible to work using a quantum defect properly below one%. As being a consequence, the warmth era can be so smaller that this partly compensates the lessen thermal conductivity.

The datasets applied and/or analysed throughout The existing analyze offered from the corresponding writer on fair ask for.

The comparison with Eyeglasses is suitable Because the huge get bandwidth allows e.g. tungstate femtosecond lasers and tunable lasers to compete with glass lasers.

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Finally, we investigated the very long-expression performances of SC generation in crystal samples less than optimal pumping situations at greater laser repetition prices. In doing this, the crystal samples were not translated and saved within a stationary posture with regard into the pump beam over the total measurement. The examples illustrating robust lengthy-term performances of SC generation in KGW and YAG crystals at high laser repetition prices may be found in other places. Additional particularly, steady effectiveness of KGW crystal at two MHz pulse repetition charge less than very equivalent pump beam concentrating geometry was claimed recently30, whereas YAG crystal demonstrated stable efficiency for quite a few hours at two hundred kHz pulse repetition rate Despite quite restricted concentrating on the pump beam (NA=0.085)32. The very long-phrase functionality exams in LSO, LYSO and YSO unveiled gradual narrowing in the SC spectra to the lengthy-wavelength side that transpired immediately after a specific exposure time and could be attributed for the optical degradation of those components. For instance, in LSO, the onset of spectral narrowing was noticed after (sim twenty) minutes at a laser repetition price of 10 kHz, although in a laser repetition price of twenty kHz, steady SC generation effectiveness was observed just for approximately two min.

]. This method was according to The reality that the spectral emission cross-area curves vary from each other when laser polarization is paralleled to the different optical axis of Yb-doped double tungstates[

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The click here Yb:KGW laser procedure contains a quasi-3-level conduct. The net attain of your Yb:KGW crystal wasn't substantial: several tens of roundtrips ended up needed to amplify the nanojoule seed into a millijoule level. Therefore, the get-narrowing result was unavoidable in Yb:KGW regenerative amplifiers.

Determine 4 Beam radius variation on the two crystals even though transforming the focal duration from the thermal lensing outcome.

An example of this sort of conduct is shown in Fig. 7a. The character of spectral modifications is highlighted in Fig. 7d, which exhibits how the SC spectrum to the prolonged-wavelength facet shrinks considerably, from 1800 nm to 1450 nm, just following 8 minutes of publicity time in the stationary sample. LT crystal shown fairly better extensive-term overall performance: at pulse repetition rates of nearly a hundred kHz no narrowing on both side of the SC spectrum was detected. Nonetheless, speedy narrowing of your SC spectrum in LT crystal was noticed right after the very first 5 minutes of operation when the pulse repetition fee was set at two hundred kHz (data not shown). In distinction to the above materials, BGO and GGG demonstrated outstanding SC generation performances with none spectral modifications in a pulse repetition fee of 200 kHz, as attested by the time series of SC spectra in BGO and GGG, demonstrated in Fig. 7b and c, respectively. Determine 7e and f define identical styles of SC spectra originally and at the conclusion of 1 hour-lasting measurement in both equally components.